Founded in 1959 under then-future president Herbert Hoover, the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace is a Stanford University public policy research center that promotes the study of politics, economics and international affairs. Its world-renowned diverse group of scholars and esteemed programs contribute to the "world marketplace of ideas defining a free society." The institution's overall mission is to discourage war-making, and instead preserve peace, through the study and analysis of previous records and experiences of America abroad and at home. Part of the institution is the signature Hoover Tower that represents the its devotion to rigorous academic research and a constant push for fresh, innovative ideas. Recent, notable, and controversial fellows include Condoleezza Rice and Donald Rumsfeld.